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Friedrich Spee
Friedrich Spee (also ''Friedrich Spee von Langenfeld'') (Kaiserswerth, February 25, 1591 – Trier, August 7, 1635)〔Friedrich Spee von Langenfeld: ''Cautio Criminalis, or a Book on Witch Trials'', translated by Marcus Hellyer. University of Virginia Press, ISBN 0-8139-2182-1. The translator's introduction contains many details on Spee's life.〕 was a German Jesuit and poet, most noted as an opponent of trials for witchcraft. Spee was the first person in his time who spoke strongly and with arguments against torture in general. He may be considered the first who ever gave good arguments why torture is not a way of obtaining ''truth'' from someone undergoing ''painful'' questioning.
The often cited name "Friedrich von Spee" is incorrect.〔Gunther Franz (Publisher): ''Friedrich Spee zum 400. Geburtstag. Kolloquium der Friedrich-Spee-Gesellschaft Trier'' (German). Paderborn, 2001〕
==Life ==
Spee was born at Kaiserswerth on the Rhine. On finishing his early education at Cologne, he entered the Society of Jesus in 1610, and, after prolonged studies and activity as a teacher at Trier, Fulda, Würzburg, Speyer, Worms and Mainz, where he was ordained priest in 1622. He became professor at the University of Paderborn in 1624; from 1626 he taught at Speyer, Wesel, Trier and Cologne, and preached at Paderborn, Cologne and Hildesheim.
An attempt to assassinate Spee was made at Peine in 1629. He resumed his activity as professor and priest at Paderborn and later at Cologne, and in 1633 removed to Trier. During the storming of Trier by the imperial forces in March 1635, he distinguished himself in the care of the suffering, and died soon afterwards of an infection contracted in a hospital.〔
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